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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | joŋəʃtem | om joŋəʃto |
| 2SG: | joŋəʃtet | ot joŋəʃto |
| 3SG: | joŋəʃta | ok/ogeʃ joŋəʃto |
| 1PL: | joŋəʃtena | ona/ogəna joŋəʃto |
| 2PL: | joŋəʃteda | oda/ogəda joŋəʃto |
| 3PL: | joŋəʃtat | ogət joŋəʃto |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | joŋəʃtəʃəm | ʃəm joŋəʃto |
| 2SG: | joŋəʃtəʃət͡ɕ | ʃət͡ɕ joŋəʃto |
| 3SG: | joŋəʃtəʃ | əʃ joŋəʃto |
| 1PL: | joŋəʃtəʃna | əʃna joŋəʃto |
| 2PL: | joŋəʃtəʃda | əʃda joŋəʃto |
| 3PL: | joŋəʃtəʃt | əʃt joŋəʃto |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | joŋəʃtenam | joŋəʃten oməl |
| 2SG: | joŋəʃtenat | joŋəʃten otəl |
| 3SG: | joŋəʃten | joŋəʃten ogəl |
| 1PL: | joŋəʃtenːa | joŋəʃten onal/ogənal |
| 2PL: | joŋəʃtenda | joŋəʃten odal/ogədal |
| 3PL: | joŋəʃtenət | joŋəʃten ogətəl |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | joŋəʃtem əʎe | om joŋəʃto əʎe |
| 2SG: | joŋəʃtet əʎe | ot joŋəʃto əʎe |
| 3SG: | joŋəʃta əʎe | ok/ogeʃ joŋəʃto əʎe |
| 1PL: | joŋəʃtena əʎe | ona/ogəna joŋəʃto əʎe |
| 2PL: | joŋəʃteda əʎe | oda/ogəda joŋəʃto əʎe |
| 3PL: | joŋəʃtat əʎe | ogət joŋəʃto əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | joŋəʃtem ulmaʃ | om joŋəʃto ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | joŋəʃtet ulmaʃ | ot joŋəʃto ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | joŋəʃta ulmaʃ | ok/ogeʃ joŋəʃto ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | joŋəʃtena ulmaʃ | ona/ogəna joŋəʃto ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | joŋəʃteda ulmaʃ | oda/ogəda joŋəʃto ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | joŋəʃtat ulmaʃ | ogət joŋəʃto ulmaʃ |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | joŋəʃtenam əʎe | joŋəʃten oməl əʎe |
| 2SG: | joŋəʃtenat əʎe | joŋəʃten otəl əʎe |
| 3SG: | joŋəʃten əʎe | joŋəʃten ogəl əʎe |
| 1PL: | joŋəʃtenːa əʎe | joŋəʃten onal/ogənal əʎe |
| 2PL: | joŋəʃtenda əʎe | joŋəʃten odal/ogədal əʎe |
| 3PL: | joŋəʃten əʎe | joŋəʃten ogətəl əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | joŋəʃtenam ulmaʃ | joŋəʃten oməl ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | joŋəʃtenat ulmaʃ | joŋəʃten otəl ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | joŋəʃten ulmaʃ | joŋəʃten ogəl ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | joŋəʃtenːa ulmaʃ | joŋəʃten onal/ogənal ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | joŋəʃtenda ulmaʃ | joŋəʃten odal/ogədal ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | joŋəʃten ulmaʃ | joŋəʃten ogətəl ulmaʃ |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | joŋəʃto | it joŋəʃto |
| 3SG: | joŋəʃtəʒo | ənʒe joŋəʃto |
| 1PL: | (joŋəʃtena) | (ona/ogəna joŋəʃto) |
| 2PL: | joŋəʃtəza | ida joŋəʃto |
| 3PL: | joŋəʃtəʃt | ənəʃt joŋəʃto |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | joŋəʃtənem | ənem joŋəʃto |
| 2SG: | joŋəʃtənet | ənet joŋəʃto |
| 3SG: | joŋəʃtəneʒe | əneʒ joŋəʃto |
| 1PL: | joŋəʃtənena | ənena joŋəʃto |
| 2PL: | joŋəʃtəneda | əneda joŋəʃto |
| 3PL: | joŋəʃtəneʃt | əneʃt joŋəʃto |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | joŋəʃtənem əʎe | ənem joŋəʃto əʎe |
| 2SG: | joŋəʃtənena əʎe | ənet joŋəʃto əʎe |
| 3SG: | joŋəʃtəneʒe əʎe | əneʒ joŋəʃto əʎe |
| 1PL: | joŋəʃtənena əʎe | ənena joŋəʃto əʎe |
| 2PL: | joŋəʃtəneda əʎe | əneda joŋəʃto əʎe |
| 3PL: | joŋəʃtəneʃt əʎe | əneʃt joŋəʃto əʎe |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | joŋəʃtənet ulmaʃ | ənet joŋəʃto ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | joŋəʃtəneʒe ulmaʃ | əneʒ joŋəʃto ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | joŋəʃtəneda ulmaʃ | əneda joŋəʃto ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | joŋəʃtəneʃt ulmaʃ | əneʃt joŋəʃto ulmaʃ |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | joŋəʃtaʃ |
| Necessitive infinitive: | joŋəʃtəman |
| Active participle: | joŋəʃtəʃo |
| Passive participle: | joŋəʃtəmo |
| Future-necessitive participle: | joŋəʃtəʃaʃ |
| Negative participle: | joŋəʃtədəmo |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | joŋəʃten |
| Negative gerund: | joŋəʃtəde |
| Gerund of prior action: | joŋəʃtəmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | joŋəʃtəmeʃ(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | joŋəʃtəʃəla |
| Nominalization: | joŋəʃtəmaʃ |
| Negative nominalization: | joŋəʃtədəmaʃ |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||